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Cancer Statistics in India: Probability of Occurrence, survival and death due to cancer in India

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Cancer Statistics in India: Probability of occurrence, survival and death due to cancer in India Chances of developing cancer in their lifetime (0-74 years of age) in India : 1 in 9 Incidence of cancer in India 2020: 13.9 Lakh 2021: 14.3 lakh 2022: 14.6 lakh 2025: 15.7 lakh (Projected) Highest age-adjusted cancer incidence rate Male Aizawl district, Mizoram  (269.4 cases/1,00,000 males i.e. 0.27%)  Female Papumpare district, Arunachal Pradesh (219.8 cases per 1,00,000 females i.e. 0.22% ) Lowest age-adjusted cancer incidence rate Male Osmanabad and Beed district, Maharashtra (39.5 cases per 1,00,000 males i.e. 0.039%) Female  Osmanabad and Beed district, Maharashtra (49.4 cases per 1,00,000 females, 0.049%).  Death due to cancer in India 2020: 7.7 Lakh (i.e. 55.4% of incidence) 2021: 7.9 Lakh (i.e. 55.2% of incidence) 2022: 8.1 Lakh (i.e. 55.5% of incidence) Highest crude mortality rate Male Aizawl district, Mizoram (115.0 per 100,000 males, 0.115%) Female Aiza...

Cancer terminology used in literature

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Cancer terminology used literature The crude rate (CR) of death It is the ratio of the number of deaths in a particular geographic area in one year divided by the average population in that area during the year. Age-adjusted rate (AAR) of incidence It is used after making statistical adjustments in the age factor, which ensures standardization in reporting.  Loco-regional spread It is spread of cancer beyond the initially affected body site, but still within the region/ organ in which it originated. Lung cancer after loco regional spread stays within lung itself but with more spread. Distant metastasis  It is spread of cancer beyond the initially affected body site, and far spread to other organs. Lung cancer after distance metastasis spreads outside the lung to other organs like bone.  Cumulative Risk It represents probability that the person will develop a particular cancer during a certain age period in the absence of any other cause of death. 

Answers to Cancer- Part 5: Surgery for cancer treatment

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Answers to Cancer- Part 5: S urgery for cancer treatment Introduction It is a local treatment only useful for solid tumors that are contained in one area.  Image credit: images.rawpixel.com Recommended for Solid tumors Not Recommended for Liquid tumors e.g. leukemia Metastasized tumors Advantages Oldest method, plenty of experience Still the most frequently used method. Offers greatest treatment benefit. Disadvantages Often can't remove all malignant cells. Tumors may grow after a certain duration. Hence often combined with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients should be fit enough to tolerate surgical procedures and anesthesia.    Read other posts Answers to Cancer- Part 4: Radiation for cancer treatment Answers to Cancer- Part 3: Hyperthermia for cancer treatment  Answers to Cancer- Part 2: Treatment modalities against cancer Answers to Cancer- Part 1: Journey of a drug - Laboratory to Public What is Therapy or Therapeutic? All posts  

Answers to Cancer- Part 4: Radiation for cancer treatment

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Answers to Cancer- Part 4: Radiation for cancer treatment Introduction Image credit: www.lyfboat.com Radiation dose is delivered selectively to cancerous cells to kill cancer. Radiation can cause cancer and cure it also. Advantages Huge experience for cancer treatment. Works for most of the organs Teletherapy is less invasive Painless treatment procedure Disadvantage There is a fear element present in public about radiation. Healthy Tissues can have exposure to radiation, which may induce secondary tumors in non-cancerous cells. Most efficient for localized tumors. Scope for improvement Developing treatment methods for maximum dose delivery to cancerous cells with minimum dose delivery to normal cells.

Answers to Cancer- Part 3: Hyperthermia for cancer treatment

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Answers to Cancer- Part 3: Hyperthermia for cancer treatment Introduction The microenvironment of cancerous tumor tissues have low oxygen levels and acidic conditions. Hence they are more vulnerable to heat than normal cells.  Heat source can be external or internal.  Heat can be applied Locally superficially or deep to the whole-body 39-48 o C is suitable to kill cancerous cells.   Advantage Oldest known technique (3000 BC) for cancer treatment as per Egyptian records.  Disadvantage approved only in combination with other treatment modalities not widely available. Scope for improvement Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles coupled with drug delivery technologies can increase the acceptability of the Hyperthermia technique.  They can selectively target tumor and induce local heat by the application of external magnetic field.

Answers to Cancer- Part 2: Treatment modalities against cancer

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Treatment modalities against cancer Cancer is one disease, which is responsible for large no. of deaths every year worldwide . With the advancement of science & Technology, now many cancers are curable. Treatment of cancer includes chemotherapy i.e. by using drugs that kill cancerous cells . It can be treated by using radiation as well as by surgery. Selection of a particular method is not so easy. In this article we have made a classification of treatment modalities against cancer .  Click on the hyperlinks to know more. 1. Mechanical mode 1.1. Surgery 2. Physical mode 2.1. Radiation 2.2. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) 2.3. Hyperthermia 3. Chemical mode 3.1. Chemotherapy 3.2. Targeted therapy 4. Biological Mode 4.1. Immunotherapy     Read other posts https://www.scientificdiary.net/p/list-of-all-posts.html

What is Therapy or Therapeutic?

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What is Therapy or Therapeutic?           Rumali opened her new beauty parlor at the heart of town. She has graduated as beauty therapist from a reputed college. Among several customers one of the friends, Bipasa, contacted her for beauty therapy , which is a combined treatment procedure e.g. facial treatment, manicures, pedicures, waxing etc, so that Bipasa's physical appearance, self image can be improved.                                            @publicdomainpictures.net           Ritesh, friend of Bipasa, feeling depressed after his recent setback in his last attempt in the UPSC exam. Cognitive (thinking) Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or psychotherapy or talk therapy is suitable to overcome depression and its associ...

Answers to Cancer- Part 1: Journey of a drug - Laboratory to Public

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Answers to Cancer- Part 1:  Journey of a drug - Laboratory to Public It takes several stages of operation for a potential drug (also vaccine/ radiopharmaceutical) to be a licensed product 1. Discovery Drug is defined as a substance meant for diagnosis, cure, reduction, treatment or prevention of disease. Drug must be recognized by an official pharmacopoeia or registered drug manual of a particular country[1-2].  A potential new drug is proposed by either      understanding knowledge of the disease or      by new insight of the disease or      by study on the population worldwide to find out where the occurrence of the disease is substantially less.      The food habit of the population of the last category may reveal the cause of lesser occurrence of a particular disease. Let's say if they consume a special category of oil, or seed, then natural products are extracted from those food items and one of the natural prod...

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